La derivación protocolizada a endoscopía asociada a la detección de Helicobacter pylori mediante antígeno en deposiciones disminuye lista de espera para endoscopía y optimiza la detección de lesiones pre-malignas y cáncer gástrico incipiente / Protocolized referral to endoscopy and Helicobacter pylori detected in stools aimed to decrease endoscopy waiting lists

Background Chile has one of the highest mortality rates by gastric cancer (GC) worldwide. Primary prevention of GC and detection of pre-neoplastic and early neoplastic lesions should be a national priority. Aim To assess the impact of the protocolization of endoscopy referral and the use of H. pylori stool antigen test (HPSA) in the management of dyspepsia to decrease the waiting list for endoscopy and increase the detection of gastric pre-neoplastic and early neoplastic lesions. Material and Methods We included all patients referred to the Endoscopy Unit of a regional hospital, from January 2015 to December 2017. We also included patients with known pre-neoplastic lesions and all those with first degree relatives with GC. We implemented protocols for referral of patients with dyspepsia considering the use of HPSA test, prioritizing to endoscopy those with a higher risk of GC. Results A total of 4,641 endoscopies and 2,631 HPSA tests were carried out. After the adoption of these protocols, we observed a 52% decrease in the waiting time for endoscopy. The GC detection rate in this period was 1.8 to 3.1 cases per 100 endoscopies. After the adoption of the protocols, we observed a significant increase in early GC detection rate (from none in 2015 to 13% in 2017, p = 0.03). Conclusions The protocolization of the referral for endoscopy associated with widespread use of HPSA test in the management of patients with dyspepsia, are successful strategies to decrease waiting lists for endoscopy and optimize the detection rate of pre-neoplastic lesions and early GC.

[Protocolized referral to endoscopy and Helicobacter pylori detected in stools aimed to decrease endoscopy waiting lists]. / La derivación protocolizada a endoscopía asociada a la detección de Helicobacter pylori mediante antígeno en deposiciones disminuye lista de espera para endoscopía y optimiza la detección de lesiones pre-malignas y cáncer gástrico incipiente.

Background Chile has one of the highest mortality rates by gastric cancer (GC) worldwide. Primary prevention of GC and detection of pre-neoplastic and early neoplastic lesions should be a national priority. Aim To assess the impact of the protocolization of endoscopy referral and the use of H. pylori stool antigen test (HPSA) in the management of dyspepsia to decrease the waiting list for endoscopy and increase the detection of gastric pre-neoplastic and early neoplastic lesions. Material and Methods We included all patients referred to the Endoscopy Unit of a regional hospital, from January 2015 to December 2017. We also included patients with known pre-neoplastic lesions and all those with first degree relatives with GC. We implemented protocols for referral of patients with dyspepsia considering the use of HPSA test, prioritizing to endoscopy those with a higher risk of GC. Results A total of 4,641 endoscopies and 2,631 HPSA tests were carried out. After the adoption of these protocols, we observed a 52% decrease in the waiting time for endoscopy. The GC detection rate in this period was 1.8 to 3.1 cases per 100 endoscopies. After the adoption of the protocols, we observed a significant increase in early GC detection rate (from none in 2015 to 13% in 2017, p = 0.03). Conclusions The protocolization of the referral for endoscopy associated with widespread use of HPSA test in the management of patients with dyspepsia, are successful strategies to decrease waiting lists for endoscopy and optimize the detection rate of pre-neoplastic lesions and early GC.

Iniciación en imágenes de banda estrecha: diferencias entre polipos hiperplásicos y adenomas: ¿20 minutos son suficientes? / Starting in narrow-band imaging: differences between hyperplastic polyps and adenomas: 20 minutes are enough?

Los dos principales tipos de pólipos en el colon son los adenomas y los pólipos hiperplásicos. La imagen de banda estrecha (NBI) es una tecnología que mejora la visualización de los patrones vasculares en la superficie del pólipo pudiendo ayudar a diferenciar entre adenomas y los pólipos hiperplásicos con un alto grado de precisión. Este estudio pretende evaluar la diferencia y variabilidad inter e intraobservador, antes y después de una clase didáctica de puntos claves sobre las imágenes de banda estrecha para su entendimiento, diferenciación y reconocimiento. 14 gastroenterólogos y se seleccionaron 50 imágenes de pólipos hiperplasicos y adenomas verificados por estudio histológico. El puntaje de incremento en la adecuada identificación de las lesiones varió entre 37,86% a 78,57%. En esta evaluación inicial se mostró que los hallazgos dados con el uso de NBI son reproducibles, fáciles de aprender, bastante exactos, y tienen un alto potencial para su uso en la práctica clínica diaria permitiendo la caracterización en tiempo real de los pólipos en colon

The 2 main types of colon polyps are adenomas and hyperplastic. Narrow band imaging (NBI) is a novel technology that enhances the visualization of surface mucosal and vascular patterns on the polyp surface. The patterns seen on the polyp surface with NBI that can help differentiate between adenomas and hyperplastic polyps with a high degree of accuracy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interobserver and intraobserver agreement (among endoscopists). 14 gastroenterologists and 50 images were selected hyperplastic polyps and adenomas verified by histology. The score of increase in the effective identification of lesions ranged from 37.86% to 78.57%. This initial evaluation showed that the NBI polyp patterns described in our pilot study are reproducible, easy to learn, reasonably accurate, and have the potential for use in daily clinical practice for the realtime differentiation of colon polyps

Cáncer gástrico temprano o precoz: revisión de la literatura / Early gastric cancer: review of the literature

El cáncer gástrico precoz, se diagnostica cada día con más frecuencia no solo en Japón sino en todo el mundo y, aunque su tratamiento endoscópico es relativamente sencillo, en nuestro medio hay poca experiencia sobre la resección de lesiones sospechosas. El pronóstico de cáncer gástrico temprano es muy bueno y la tasa de supervivencia a los 5 años es del 90%. Por ello, basado en el criterio del tratamiento temprano de cáncer gástrico tiene mejor pronóstico, es importante la detección temprana masiva esta enfermedad antes de que evolucione a un estado avanzado.

Hamartoma mesenquimal del hígado gigante irresecable a propósito de un caso

Se reporta el caso de una paciente femenina de 21 años con diagnóstico de hamartoma mesenquimal del hígado gigante sintomático, como presentación inusual en pacientes adultos jóvenes, con tratamiento único definitivo el trasplante hepático debido al tamaño y localización anatómica del tumor. Se revisa la literatura relativa a casos reportados según edad más frecuente, métodos diagnósticos y tratamiento quirúrgico utilizados para esta patología excepcional en adultos. Palabras clave: hamartoma mesenquimal del hígado, trasplante hepático gigante.

The case of a 21 years old female patient with the diagnosis of symptomatic Gigantic Mesenchymal Hamartoma of the Liver is reported as an unusual presentation in young adult patients, with liver transplant as the only therapeutic option due to the size and anatomical location of the tumor. The literature is reviewed in relation to cases reported according to age, diagnostic methods and surgical treatment, for this exceptional pathology in adults.